VHS Tape Comparison

  



Even though you may have a high-quality digital video camera, the copies you make for clients or friends will probably be on old-fashioned VHS tape. The question naturally arises, whether it is worth it to buy a more expensive grade of tape for the best image quality. To answer this question I bought thirteen kinds of VHS tape, from nine manufacturers, via mail-order (Tape World) and at three local stores:
 
 
Tape Type
Price Each
Grade
Image
Pana NV-T120AS
$1.69
standard
VHS-1
TDK T-120RVBH 
$1.88 
standard
VHS-2
Pana NV-T120AH
$2.69
high
VHS-3
TDK ST-CM120BX
$14.99 
SVHS "pro"
VHS-4
SVHS-4
Maxell T-120
BASF T-120
RadioShack HS T-120
RadioShack PHG T-120
Fuji T-120
RCA T-120
Sony T-120BA
Maxell T-120BQ
TDK T-120 HDX
$1.09
$2.49
$2.99
$6.99
$2.99
$0.99
$5.99
$6.99
$6.99
bronze standard
pro
high standard
pro high grade
pro
standard
broadcast
broadcast
pro
VHS-group

Test procedure: I generated a 720x480 test pattern in Photoshop and sent it via firewire to the TRV900. Yes, the guy squinting at upper left is me (sorry, I didn't have photos of any more attractive models available.) It looks slightly stretched horizontally, but remember that DV pixels are not square, so this image appears on your computer monitor 1.125 times wider than it does on a TV.

I used the S-video output from the TRV900 through a 5-foot "Monster Cable" to the S-video input of my SVHS deck, the Panasonic AG-1980. I recorded in VHS SP mode with all four tapes, and for comparison I also used the SVHS tape in SVHS mode. Each tape was fast-forwarded to the end and rewound to equalize tension, then several minutes of the test pattern was recorded on the tape. The pattern was played back again and video playback starting about a minute in on the reel was sent via S-Video to the TRV900 and recorded on MiniDV tape. This was then captured via firewire into the computer and a full-frame (720x480) exported as a still BMP file. This file was converted to JPEG at high quality for my web page. (note, this JPEG file is compressed, but does capture all the detail in the BMP file that I could see.)

Conclusions: You can download each image to your computer and use a slide show program (eg. ThumbsPlus) in full-screen mode to flip between them and compare. The most obvious difference is a slight overall brightness/contrast difference, and in the brightness of the saturated red area. The resolution patterns and the photo image seem essentially identical. There are a few scan lines with some kind of noise (head-switching noise?) near the bottom of the image but it is outside the frame of a normal monitor or TV so I usually never see it. The SVHS mode does capture more detail, as expected. I was not impressed by the difference in image quality between any of these tapes in VHS mode.

It is possible that the number of dropouts, liklihood of tape stretching or jamming, or other long-term durability factors are different. But as far as I can tell, the $0.99 tape performs just as well for VHS recording as the $15 version.

[12/9/00] Later note: I am coming to believe that one of the things I did not measure in my tests, namely dropouts (image noise and weak/no video signal, due to inconsistencies and weak spots in the magnetic tape coating) are worse with the cheaper tapes.

[5/28/01] Most recently I have been using Maxell "Gold" T120-HGX and Fuji T-60PG tapes which have been good, as far as minimal dropouts that I've noticed. Otherwise, image quality is the same as any other tape.


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